Compared with conventional buildings, Construction of infectious disease hospitals needs to strictly control the surrounding wind environment and pollutant concentration, but the current research is highly scarce.This paper takes an infectious disease hospital under construction in Changsha as the case study. The detailed analysis of wind environment and pollutant dispersion of medical buildings under different thermal effects was conducted by a 10 m (width)×3 m (height) wind tunnel test. In the process, building layout and vegetation are considered.The results show that in the range of -0.23<Rb<0, the wind profile influenced by the thermal effect is mainly concentrated in the vertical component. However, the thermal effect will greatly affect the maximum value of flow field distribution. The absolute values of pollutant concentration are affected primarily by wind speed. The pollutant concentration is positively proportional to the local thermal effect with high wind speeds. In contrast, at low wind speeds the pollutant concentration increases first and then decreases with the local thermal effect and reaches the maximum value when Rb=-0.16. Changing the layout of the building is an effective way to improve the concentration of pollutants. When the direction of the building is consistent with the prevailing wind direction, it is most conducive to the emission of pollutant. The addition of vegetation in the building reverse flow area can promote the diffusion of pollutants, while the greenery in the ventilation corridor will inhibit the spread of contaminants.