Building structures will suffer different degrees of damage, or even progressive collapse when subjected to blast loading. The performance evaluation of building structures after the explosion is to analyze the residual resistance of the building structures considering the effects of blast damage, which is essential for selection of structural disposal and retrofitting techniques in the reconstruction stage. Explosion-proof research of building structures has become a popular research field during the past decades. Extensive studies have been conducted by numerous scholars, but most studies have focused on protective design and analysis before explosions. In order to promote in-depth investigation in this field and provide technical support for post-blast reconstruction, several key issues related with structural performance evaluation of buildings after explosion event were introduced and summarized in detail, and feasible repair and reinforcement techniques were also summarized and commented. After years of development, pressure-impulse curves and correlations for evaluating residual bearing capacity of blast-damaged structural components have been established. Methods for blast damage grading of buildings and affected areas division have been proposed. Besides, experience in reinforcement and repair of reinforced concrete structures using carbon fibre reinforced polymer has been continuously accumulated. However, current study on performance evaluation and post-blast repair of building structures is still in its infancy, and there is still a huge gap from perspective of engineering practice and application.