To solve the problems of uncontrolled damage to prefabricated frame joints and the difficulty of post-earthquake repair, a new type of prefabricated steel-concrete composite frame joint based on an artificial plastic hinge connection is proposed. which has the characteristics of simple structure, good performance of bearing capacity and energy dissipation, easy assembly, and so on. To further clarify the mechanical performance of the new joint, the nonlinear finite element model of the joint was established through ABAQUS. Taking the axial compression ratio, flange connecting plate thickness, and diameter of the shear damper as parameter variables, the effects of different parameters on the failure mode, stress mechanism, and moment rotation curve of the joint were studied, and the stiffness of the joint was also evaluated. The results showed that the failure mode of the new joint was a flexural failure at the beam end, and the artificial plastic hinge plays a key role in the internal force distribution and transmission of the joint. With the increase in axial compression ratio, the bearing capacity, and ductility coefficient of the joint showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The flange connecting plate thickness had a great influence on the bearing capacity and ductility. The diameter of the shear energy dissipation rod had little influence on the bearing capacity but had a great influence on the ductility deformation of the joint. The new joint belongs to the hinge connection and full-strength connection.