In order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of formwork in the production process of precast concrete components, this paper proposes an efficient component layout sequencing and positioning optimization method. Firstly, the mathematical model based on the minimum horizontal line layout algorithm is established with the objective of minimizing the total length of the mould table occupied by the components, considering the actual constraints of the mould table, mould, component layout size and operation space in the production process of the components. Secondly, for the purpose of determining the sequence of component layout, this study uses the improved grey wolf algorithm and the components to be arranged are coded through component type, size information, and constraint conditions. Via setting the coefficient and free coefficient, which can control the convergence speed and convergence range of the grey wolf algorithm, the optimal layout scheme is obtained via multiple optimization iterations. Through empirical analysis, this method can achieve better optimization effect in a short time, and the utilization rate of the mold is significantly improved, which verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.