Photocatalytic cement-based material is one of the research hotspots of advanced building functional materials, but TiO₂ cement-based composites prepared by the traditional internal mixing method have low effective utilization rate of TiO₂ and poor economic benefits. To solve this problem, cement mortar with quartz sand supported TiO₂ (QST) aggregates were prepared and the effects of the QST aggregates on the drying shrinkage performance of the cement mortar was studied. The interfacial bond strength between the QST aggregates and the cement stone was measured using the pull-out strength method. The effects of the nano TiO₂ on the hydration products and pore structure of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between the aggregates and the cement stone were studied via SEM, EDS and MIP methods. Compared with ordinary quarz sand aggregates, the QST aggregates can reduce the drying shrinkage of the cement mortar and improve the interfacial adhesion between the aggregates and the cement stone. The nano TiO₂ that was loaded onto the surface of the aggregates promotes the hydration of the cement paste, reduces the enrichment of Ca(OH)₂ in the ITZ, and refines the pore structure of the ITZ between the cement stone and the aggregates.