Sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) has become one of the hotspots in nitrogen removal technology during wastewater treatment because of its characteristic green and low-carbon technology for nitrogen removal from sewage, which has the advantages of low cost, low sludge yield and no need for organic carbon sources. In this paper, the research progress on SAD of carrier compositions and synthesis method of composite sulfur source filler. The structure and applicable conditions of SAD packed bed reactor and fluidized bed reactor were summarized. The research progress of SAD coupled with electrochemical, heterotrophic denitrification and Anammox technology was reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of SAD coupled technology were summarized. The metabolic function of microorganisms is a key factor in the realization of effective SAD. This review enumerates the types of SAD functional microorganisms with different metabolic characteristics, the denitrification characteristics and growth conditions of Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas in the SAD process were described. Currently, SAD technology has made significant progress in the fields of filler, reactor and coupling process, but still faces many challenges, further innovations have been made in temperature adaptability of SAD technology, reactor design with high treatment load, and process optimization.