Incineration method has remarkable reduction effect and has become the main treatment method for municipal solid waste. However, incineration would produce a large amount of slag, for reuse of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash, this paper investigated the bottom ash from a Wuhan incineration plant, and comprehensively analyzed the physical, chemical and engineering characteristics of the bottom ash by experiments and testing. Then the characteristics of bottom ash in different areas were summarized and compared with the present study. Furthermore, the feasibility of using the bottom ash as subgrade material in road engineering was discussed. The results show that, the bottom ash particles are various and randomly arranged, and the surface is smooth and distributed with obvious fine pores. The bottom ash is classified as a poorly graded coarse-grained sandy soil with low plasticity and high specific gravity. The leaching concentration of heavy metals from this bottom ash does not exceed the threshold value specified in the relevant national standards. The compaction characteristics of this bottom ash are similar with those of sand or gravel, it has relatively low compressibility, and its consolidation characteristics are not obvious. The permeability coefficient of the bottom ash is slightly greater than that of fine sand, and it can be considered as a landfill impermeable layer after being mixed with bentonite. The internal friction angle of bottom ash is close to that of gravel and has certain cohesion. In terms of the bearing capacity, the relatively high CBR reveals that the bearing capacity of this bottom ash meets the requirement of subgrade materials in road engineering.