Microbial induced carbonate precipitation can achieve the crack self-healing in concrete. Bacterial carrier can effectively improve the survival rate of bacteria in concrete matrix and thus improve the crack self-healing effect in concrete. However, the potential decrease in mechanical properties, poor compatibility with the cementitious matrix and relatively high cost of the current bacterial carrier cannot be ignored. The self-healing concrete based on enhanced recycled concrete aggregate as bacterial carrier is proposed in this paper. The influence of enhancement time of recycled concrete aggregate on compressive strength and self-healing capacity of concrete was studied to determine the reasonable mineralization enhancement time of recycled concrete aggregates, and the enhancement mechanism of recycled concrete aggregates and self-healing mechanism of concrete are revealed. The experiment result shows that the reasonable enhancement time of recycled concrete aggregates is 7 days, the water absorption and crushing index of enhanced recycled concrete aggregates decrease by 20.5% and 9.5%, the compressive strength of concrete prepared with the enhanced recycled concrete aggregates increased by 8.6%. After 56d of curing and healing, the average value of healed crack widths and completely healing percentages of the concrete prepared with enhanced recycled concrete aggregates are 0.44 mm and 73%, respectively. The surface precipitates on the enhanced recycled concrete aggregates exhibit regular cubic shapes and the crystals of these precipitates are calcite. The crack-filling precipitation crystals of the self-healing concrete exhibit regular cubic shapes and cluster shapes. The crystals of these precipitations are calcite and aragonite.