In order to find out the influence of screw height on bearing characteristics of threaded pile and soil around the pile under vertical loading, this paper studied the influence of different screw heights on the bearing performance of pile, soil failure characteristics around the pile and soil displacement field around the pile through laboratory half-surface model pile test combined with digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The ABAQUS numerical simulation method was used to validate the results of the model test, and the range of screw height values was extended. The pattern of the ultimate bearing capacity and material utilization rate of threaded pile as well as the distribution of soil stress field around the pile were analyzed. The results show that the utilization bearing capacity of pile is increased, the influential zone of the soil displacement around the pile gradually increased and the development of shear failure of soil around the pile can be delayed with increase of the screw height. As the settlement of the pile body increases, the loading on the pile top gradually evolves from being borne by the pile side resistance to borne by the pile end resistance. Although increasing the screw height can enhance the ultimate bearing capacity of pile, there is a peak in the material utilization rate of the pile.