A novel design method for concrete-filled square steel tubular spliced columns with grouting anchor connections is proposed in this paper to increase the assembly efficiency, improve the seismic performance and reduce production cost of the column members in the steel-concrete composite structures. The seismic performances of novel spliced columns with different reinforcement ratios, reinforcement configurations and column-column joint positions were tested via quasi-static loading test on five spliced columns and one monolithic cast column with a scale ratio of 2. The results showed that the failure modes and processes of the novel spliced column members under low cyclic loading are similar to those of the reference member. The hysteretic curves of the novel spliced columns are full, and the energy dissipation capacity, load bearing capacity degradation and stiffness were advantageous than those of the reference column member. In particular, the P-type members with the column-column joint located in the column inflection point area had better ductility and deformation capacity under the seismic effect. The test results identify that the novel spliced columns designed method proposed is scientific and has application potential to improve the overall seismic performance of the steel-concrete composite frame structures.