In recent years, the burden of health risks caused by dust particles generated by industrial operations has gradually increased. A large number of studies have shown that long-term exposure to productive dust particles is closely related to workers, respiratory occupational diseases, and the relationship between indoor exposure to dust particles in industrial buildings and adverse health effects in workers has been clarified. This is of great importance for the scientific evaluation of environmental safety and guarantee of workers, health. At present, research on the toxicity and biological effects of dust particles has gradually shifted the focus of research on dust particle exposure from environmental assessment to individual health effects. However, the correlation between exposure to industrial dust particles and health effects is not fully clarified, and the impact of exposure to different types and levels of dust particles on health effects in industrial settings remains to be clarified. This paper reviews the progress of research on the health effects of industrial dust particles at home and abroad from three aspects: the possible damage caused by dust particles to respiratory system health, the correlation of health effects of dust exposure and health risk assessment, and clarifies the effects of exposure on health and the current theoretical deficiencies in quantifying the mechanism of action of dust particles based on exposure effect models. And the urgency of effective biomarker selection, to provide reference information for future scientific protection of workers, health, different types of industrial environmental monitoring guidelines and development of control and improvement means.