In order to study the cyclic shear characteristics of fiber-reinforced granitic residual soil, polypropylene fibers were mixed into the residual soil. The horizontal cyclic simple shear test of fiber-reinforced residual soil was carried out using a cyclic simple shear apparatus. The influence of different fiber contents (0%,0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%) and cyclic stress ratios (0.15,0.20,0.25,0.30) on the dynamic characteristics of granitic residual soil was analyzed. The test results show that with the increase of cyclic stress ratio, the dynamic shear strain increases. The addition of fibers effectively restrained the development of dynamic shear strain of residual soil, and the higher the fiber content, the smaller the dynamic shear strain. Fibers increase the critical cyclic stress ratio of the residual soil. Under the critical cyclic stress ratio, the number of cycles at failure for reinforced samples is much greater than that for unreinforced ones. This indicates that the addition of fibers increased the toughness of the soil and greatly prolonged the failure time of the soil sample. Under the same cyclic stress ratio, the larger the fiber content, the greater the dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio. For the dynamic shear modulus, the smaller the cyclic stress ratio, the more obvious the advantage of fiber reinforcement. The improved H-D model can be used to analyze the dynamic response of granitic residual soil under different cyclic stress ratios and different fiber contents.