Fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP) has been widely used in modern bridge engineering and old bridges reinforcement in recent years due to the excellent material properties that can adapt to the development needs of bridge structures towards light weight and durability. In order to promote the development of bridges structures reinforcement using composite materials as well as meet the diversified needs of engineering operation and maintenance, this article reviews the research on the reinforcement characteristics of old bridges, the performance of FRP and the methods of strengthening bridges. The research and application of FRP in bridges reinforcement in recent years is elaborated in detail from two aspects of concrete and steel bridge reinforcement. FRP has become an important bridge reinforcement method because of its obvious strengthening performance and great efficiency. In order to develop and expand its application scope, it is necessary to standardize FRP anchor, promote the monitorability of strengthened bridges and establish a specification system of FRP strengthened bridge structures.