Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) is combined with the Orthotropic Steel Deck (OSD) in a lot of projects nowadays. That is a typical example of the implementation of new materials and new structures in bridge engineering. Benefitting from its high stiffness, UHPC slab can evidently reduce the local deformation of OSD. In this way, we can greatly reduce the fatigue stress amplitude and the fatigue resistance is increased. In the present work, we reviewed the research advances on the composite UHPC-OSD system from five aspects: the new structures, the shear connectors, the basic static behaviors of the composite deck, the fatigue performance of the composite deck and the basic mechanical properties of UHPC or UHPC members. Most of the concerned literature was published in 2020 or 2021. However, some works reported in a few other recent years were still mentioned in the present work.