In order to study the effect of temperature effect of asphalt pavement on the fatigue properties of welding details of orthotropic steel bridge deck, based on linear elastic fracture mechanics, this paper studied the effect of temperature effect of asphalt pavement on the stress of welding details and the stress intensity factor of fatigue crack tip at the weld toe of the roof, and established a crack correction coefficient prediction model based on XGBoost algorithm. The results show that the influence of asphalt pavement thickness and temperature effect on the fatigue properties of welded details of steel bridge deck cannot be ignored. Under high temperature conditions, the fatigue crack propagation rate at the weld toe of the roof is faster, and the crack shape ratio has a greater influence on the effective stress intensity factor. It is unsafe to evaluate the effect of pavement temperature effect on the fatigue performance of welded details of steel bridge deck only by stress. The stress at the weld toe of the roof and the effective stress intensity factor at the crack tip are nonlinearly related to the temperature effect of pavement layer. Combined with the prediction model of crack correction coefficient established in this paper, the effective stress intensity factor of fatigue crack tip can be effectively predicted, which is convenient for rapid evaluation of fatigue properties of welding details under the influence of temperature in engineering.