s: To reduce the degradation of strength and inhibit the disintegration of carbonaceous mudstone by wet and dry cycling, tests on the unconfined compressive strength and disintegration of silicone-modified carbonaceous mudstone under wet and dry cycling were carried out. The effects of the number of dry and wet cycles and the amount of organosilicon on the unconfined compressive strength, grain size gradation, inhomogeneity coefficient and curvature coefficient of the modified charcoal mudstone were studied, and the inhibition effect of organosilicon on the strength deterioration and disintegration characteristics of the charcoal mudstone was clarified. The changing law of microstructure of organosilica-modified carbonaceous mudstone under dry and wet cycling was also analyzed by scanning electron microscopy to reveal its mechanism of inhibiting disintegration. The results showed that the unconfined compressive strength of modified carbonaceous mudstone was positively correlated with the organosilicon dosing and negatively correlated with the number of wet and dry cycles. Organosilicon can effectively increase the grain size of carbonaceous mudstone, and the content of coarse particles larger than 2mm, the maximum grain size(Dmax) and the minimum grain size (Dmin) of modified carbonaceous mudstone were significantly increased after the incorporation of organosilicon. Meanwhile, the particle content of modified carbonaceous mudstone in the [10mm, 20mm), [5mm, 10mm) and [2mm, 5mm) grain groups changed most drastically during the disintegration process, but the greater the organosilicon doping, the smaller the magnitude of the change in grain size. Moreover, the higher the silicone doping, the smaller the change in particle size. The median grain size (d50), Weibull distribution parameters (λ, k), fractal dimension (D), disintegration resistance index (Idn) and disintegration ratio (Dr) of modified charcoal mudstone were positively correlated with silicone dosing and negatively correlated with the number of wet and dry cycles. However, the variation rule of the inhomogeneity coefficient (Cu) is opposite to it. The organosilicones mainly inhibit the strength deterioration and disintegration of carbonaceous mudstone particles through the network structure of the colloidal link and the formation of hydrophobic film on the surface layer of the carbonaceous mudstone particles.