When bubbles flow within fluid, once the pressure arroud a bubble decreases, the volume of bubbles become smaller or collapses. Since the collapse of a bubble takes place in very short time, a localized high pressure will be induced. With the continuous collapses of bubbles near a solid surface, the induced high pressure will produce damages on the solid surfac. In this paper, the formation, development and collapse processes of cavitation bubbles produced in biomedical engineering, the damage mechanisms of cavitation and influencing factors are reviewed. The numerical simulation study of cavitation bubble evolution process is discussed and finally, a number of problems to be solved in the cavitation study are presented, which is condidered as a bisis to the study and application of cavitation phenomena in biomedical engineering.