The composite material of nano-Al 2O 3 and UHMW-PE was made by the way of pressing and agglomeration. Effect of nano-Al 2O 3 on the friction, wear characteristic of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene plastic was studied by using MPV-200 model friction and wear tester and caustic wear one. At the same time, the hardness of UHMW-PE was mensurated in sclerometer. The results showed that nano-Al 2O 3 not only decreases the friction coefficient of UHMW-PE, but also greatly reduce the wear of UHMW-PE.The hardness of UHMW-PE is improved. Which possesses important theoretic significance for optimizing of structure and property of UHMW-PE material.