Board of directors is an important component part of corporate governance. As a governance mechanism, we empirically study relationship among the scale of the board of directors, the structure of the board of directors and the duality leadership structure with corporate performance in Chinese public companies. The result shows that the scale of the board of the directors is smaller, the performance is better. With the ownership structure changes better, the structure of the board of the directors will change better and promotes the performance. The duality leadership structure doesn't affect the corporate performance. The fundamental method for the governance effectiveness of the Board is to set up the reasonable ownership structure and the marketing mechanism for occurrences in human.