Vascular bypass grafting with autogenous vein is a frequent and important surgical procedure to cure vascular diseases and better promote blood supply in the clinical medicine. But the intimal hyperplasia(IH) has been one of the major cause of the graft late failure, especially for the middle and small artery. The pathology of IH is brief introduced. The Etiology of IH is discussed from the balance between proliferation and apoptosis, growth factor, hemodynamics and autologous vein itself. Prevention and cure of IH also are proposed.