For cylindricity error evaluation, the Least Squares Method (LSM) is not good enough because of the big error, while the bionics algorithms such as Genetic and Ant Colony Algorithm need to set many parameters and converge slowly, an Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm is proposed to evaluate the minimum zone cylinder (MIC). This Algorithm refers the tabu strategy for tabu search algorithm to use the Tabu table to save the local optimization results. It enhances the control effect of parameter limit and improves the global convergence ability. Experiment results indicate that this method can converge to the global optimization very quickly. The average runtime is nearly 1.2 s. It is applicable to the realtime processing system such as ThreeCoordinate Measuring Machine.