The finite element model is developed for the multi stage planetary gearbox housing in shield tunnelling machine (STM), and the the eigenvalue problem is solved by using block Lanczos method, and then the low order natural frequencies and corresponding modes are extracted. Based on the theory of experimental modal analysis, the modal testing is made for the gearbox housing by pulse excitation method. The least squares complex frequency domain (LSCF) estimation method is used to analyze the modal data, and the natural characteristics of housing is obtained. According to the modal assurance criterion (MAC), the experimental modal parameters are validated. Modal analysis shows that the experimental data is coincided with analytical results, which indicates the accuracy of the theoretical model and testing method. The coupling sympathetic vibration is disappearing between the gears train and housing, the local vibration is large at the high speed side of gearbox housing, and the torsional mode is outstanding under operating condition. The research results provide theoretical basis and experimental support for the structural optimization of the gearbox of STM.