Water resources are essential for production and life of human beings, as well as national economy and social development. So, water resources are the basis to realize the sustainable development of social economy. According to the basic principle and calculation model of water resources ecological footprint，the water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in the period of 2001—2012 in Guizhou Province are analyzed. Then, the water resources ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity in 2013—2016 is predicted by a method of quadratic exponential smoothing. The results show that the water resources ecological footprint per capita increase in the period of 2001—2012, and the ecological carrying capacity of water resources in Guizhou Province is more than the ecological footprint. As a net consequence, the ecological surplus exists. That is to say that the sustainable utilization of water resources in Guizhou Province is good so that the per capita ecological footprint in 2013—2016 in Guizhou Province will be rising. Although the per capita ecological carrying capacity in 2013 slightly fell, water resources were still in the ecologically surplus. Note that the ecological surplus amount decreased yearly. Such changes of water resources ecological footprint are closely related to socio-economic development. It is suggested that the industrial structure associated with the spatial-temporal distribution of water resources in Guizhou Province should be manipulated tords the rational management and use of water resources for further promoting the sustainable development of the overall socio-economy of Guizhou Province.