Aimed at getting the optimal solution of transportation problems, a computer-aided optimization algorithm based on table-manipulation principle is proposed. In the algorithm, the minimum element method is used to get an initial basic feasible solution;the potential method is adopted to get the array of check numbers and the recursive process is applied to get the closed loop array. Then the adjusting quantity is got according to the closed loop array and basic feasible solution, a new feasible solution is got after the feasible solution is adjusted according to the closed loop array and adjusting quantity, and the While loop is used to get the optimal solution until the minimum check number is not less than 0. After the While loop exits, if there are one or more 0 check numbers in the array of check numbers, one 0 check number is selected randomly to get a random optimum solution through above process. Case study shows that by the proposed computer-aided optimization algorithm, the computerization of the table-manipulation process is realized, thus improving the calculation efficiency and ensuring calculation accuracy.