To solve the problem of the deficiency in energy allocation and management mechanism based on prediction algorithm in WSNs, energy consumption management in solar chargeable wireless sensor networks is studied, and energy neutral management mechanism based on historical capacity is proposed. A node energy acquisition model for adaptive tracking of sunlight is designed and an energy neutral management mechanism based on historical energy acquisition is constructed. According to the available energy converted from solar energy in the current operation cycle, the duty cycle of the node in the next operation cycle is adjusted to solve the optimization problem of node solar energy acquisition and node energy consumption. The experimental results show that the proposed energy neutral management mechanism based on historical energy acquisition achieves the best match between the size of solar panels and energy consumption of nodes, and provides a valuable solution for energy acquisition and energy consumption management in solar chargeable wireless sensor networks.