For the problems of difficult identification, single guiding scheme, high maintenance cost and insufficient intellectualization in the current fire evacuation system in the harsh environment of fire smoke,an intelligent laser fire evacuation system based on ant colony algorithm is proposed, which is composed mainly of information acquisition module, central processing module and evacuation guidance module, so as to realize intelligent real-time monitoring and handling of fire situation. When a fire occurs, the sensors can dynamically collect fire information, and the displayers show where the fire occurs, as well as the optimal evacuation path by using ant a colony gorithm. Moreover, the evacuation guidance module projects the evacuation path on the ground in the form of laser relay to guide the dynamic evacuation of personnel.The feasibility and superiority of the system are verified with a case study.