This paper aims to investigate the correlation between the energy dissipation and fractal characteristics of fragments of preflawed sandstone. First, the uniaxial compression tests on preflawed sandstone with different flaw inclinations were conducted to analyze the energy evolution characteristics of preflawed sandstone during loading. Based on fractal theory, the size distribution characteristics of fragments after final failure were quantitatively characterized. The study shows that the compressive strength and the dissipation strain energy of specimen first decrease and then increase with the increase of flaw inclination and the data fitting suggests a positive correlation between them. The fragment size distribution of fragments under the uniaxial compression tests has obvious fractal property. The fractal dimensions of specimens with different flaw inclinations are in the range of 2.58-2.64. The trend of fractal dimension changing with flaw inclination is similar to that of compressive strength, and fractal dimension and compressive strength are approximately linearly related. The higher the compressive strength of the specimen is, the more the dissipative strain energy releases during failure. At this time, the more severe failure the specimen has, the greater the proportion of micro and fine particles is, resulting in the increase of fractal dimension. The regression analysis shows the relationship between dissipation strain energy and fractal dimension is linear positive correlation.