In order to solve the problem of subway train capacity shortage and reduce the train headway, a method combining a new train control system, relative mobile blocking and cooperative operation is proposed. A cooperative operation model for train communication is constructed, which focuses on refining the conflict area between the front and rear trains. Additionally, the model optimizes and models the minimum headway of the mainline and the turnaround after the station. A driving strategy is also proposed to further shorten the headway. Through simulation calculations on an actual line, it is found that the train passing capacity improves by 32.3% compared with the Communication Based Train Control System. Furthermore, the 4A marshaling can achieve a headway of 79.9 s. Considering the impact of shortening the headway on operational efficiency, the operational efficiency is quantified as transportation rate, full load rate, unit energy consumption, waiting time, and different driving schemes are evaluated. The results indicate that for lines with a one-way hourly passenger flow of less than 64 000, the 4A marshaling scheme consumes less energy compared to the 6A and 8A marshaling schemes, and reduces the waiting time when the full load rate is satisfied.