To address the challenges posed by large-scale changes of the sending grid tide and the voltage disturbance in converter buses caused by random fluctuation of wind power, which further leads to additional actions of the discrete equipment in the converter station, this paper proposes a coordinated secondary voltage control method for AC-DC systems that consider the randomness of wind power. Firstly, the degree of wind power fluctuation is quantified by defining the relative deviation of power, and characteristic time periods of wind power fluctuation which cannot be ignored in the secondary voltage control are identified. Next, the k-means clustering method is employed to obtain typical scenarios of wind power output during these characteristic time periods. Finally, the probabilistic scenario method is used to represent the randomness of wind power, and the uncertainty optimization problem is solved using the chance constraint method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through simulations conducted on a modified IEEE39 node arithmetic system.
[1] 孙宏斌, 郭庆来, 张伯明, 等. 面向网省级电网的自动电压控制模式[J]. 电网技术, 2006(S2): 13-18.Sun H B, Guo Q L, Zhang B M, et al. Automatic voltage control scheme for large-scale power networks[J]. Power System Technology, 2006(S2): 13-18.(in Chinese)
[2] 张明晔, 郭庆来, 孙宏斌, 等. 应用于北美电网的自动电压控制系统设计与实现[J]. 电网技术, 2013, 37(2): 349-355.Zhang M Y, Guo Q L, Sun H B, et al. Design and implementation of automatic voltage control system applied to a power grid in northeast US[J]. Power System Technology, 2013, 37(2): 349-355.(in Chinese)
[3] Duan J J, Shi D, Diao R S, et al. Deep-reinforcement-learning-based autonomous voltage control for power grid operations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2020, 35(1): 814-817.
[4] Yuan K L, Lin S J, Liu M B, et al. Analysis of steady state voltage stability in large scale power grid including actions of CSVC[C]//2012 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2012: 1-5.
[5] 颜伟, 胡显文, 崔惟, 等. 考虑LCC-HDVC设备额外动作要求的协调二级电压控制方法[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(4):1511-1518.Yan W, Hu X W, Cui W, et al. Coordinated secondary voltage control method considering additional action requirements of LCC-HDVC equipment [J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(4):1511-1518. (in Chinese)
[6] Xu F D, Guo Q L, Sun H B, et al. A secondary voltage control method for an AC/DC coupled transmission system based on model predictive control[C]//2015 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2015: 1-5.
[7] 陈江澜, 张蓓, 兰强, 等. 特高压交直流混合电网协调电压控制策略及仿真研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2014, 42(11): 21-27.Chen J L, Zhang B, Lan Q, et al. Research on strategy and simulation of coordinated automatic voltage control for UHVDC/AC hybrid grid [J]. Power System Protection and Control,2014, 42(11): 21-27. (in Chinese)
[8] 薛禹胜, 雷兴, 薛峰, 等. 关于风电不确定性对电力系统影响的评述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(29): 5029-5040.Xue Y S, Lei X, Xue F, et al. A review on impacts of wind power uncertainties on power systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(29): 5029-5040.(in Chinese)
[9] Dhabai P, Tiwari N. Effect of stochastic nature and location change of wind and solar generation on transmission lattice power flows[C]//2020 International Conference for Emerging Technology (INCET). IEEE, 2020: 1-5.
[10] Shi J, Lee W J, Liu X F. Generation scheduling optimization of wind-energy storage system based on wind power output fluctuation features[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 54(1): 10-17.
[11] 王玲玲, 王昕, 郑益慧, 等. 计及多个风电机组出力相关性的配电网无功优化[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41(11): 3463-3469.Wang L L, Wang X, Zheng Y H, et al. Reactive power optimization of distribution network considering output correlation of multiple wind turbines[J]. Power System Technology, 2017, 41(11): 3463-3469.(in Chinese)
[12] 明杰, 向红吉, 戴朝华, 等. 大规模风电接入的运行场景无功优化评估[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40(9): 2737-2742.Ming J, Xiang H J, Dai C H, et al. Operation scenario reactive power optimization assessment with large-scale wind farm integration[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40(9): 2737-2742.(in Chinese)
[13] Fang R M, Shang R Y, Wu M L, et al. Application of gray relational analysis to k-means clustering for dynamic equivalent modeling of wind farm[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017, 42(31): 20154-20163.
[14] 吴丽珍, 蒋力波, 郝晓弘. 基于最优场景生成算法的主动配电网无功优化[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2017, 45(15): 152-159.Wu L Z, Jiang L B, Hao X H. Reactive power optimization of active distribution network based on optimal scenario generation algorithm[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2017, 45(15): 152-159.(in Chinese)
[15] 林俐, 潘险险, 张凌云, 等. 基于免疫离群数据和敏感初始中心的K-means算法的风电场机群划分[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36(20): 5461-5468, 5722.Lin L, Pan X X, Zhang L Y, et al. The K-means clustering algorithm for wind farm based on immune-outlier data and immune-sensitive initial center[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2016, 36(20): 5461-5468, 5722.(in Chinese)
[16] 王成福, 梁军, 张利, 等. 基于机会约束规划的风电预测功率分级处理[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2011, 35(17): 14-19.Wang C F, Liang J, Zhang L, et al. Classified treatment of wind power predictive power based on chance constrained programming[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2011, 35(17): 14-19.(in Chinese)
[17] 雷亚洲, 王伟胜, 印永华, 等. 基于机会约束规划的风电穿透功率极限计算[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2002, 22(5): 32-35.Lei Y Z, Wang W S, Yin Y H, et al. Wind power penetration limit calculation based on chance constrained programming[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2002, 22(5): 32-35.(in Chinese)
[18] Zhang H, Li P. Chance constrained programming for optimal power flow under uncertainty[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2011, 26(4): 2417-2424.
[19] 李永森, 杨善林, 马溪骏, 等. 空间聚类算法中的K值优化问题研究[J]. 系统仿真学报, 2006, 18(3): 573-576.Li Y S, Yang S L, Ma X J, et al. Optimization study on K value of spatial clustering[J]. Journal of System Simulation, 2006, 18(3): 573-576.(in Chinese)
[20] 崔惟. 风电并网电力系统电压无功控制的概率决策方法研究[D]. 重庆: 重庆大学, 2017.Cui W. Probabilistic decision methods of voltage and reactive power control for wind power integrated power system[D]. Chongqing: Chongqing University, 2017. (in Chinese)