This review summarizes and evaluates the current research status, basic characteristics, disease mechanisms, and protection methods of brick and stone artifacts in humid environments. From prevention to restoration, and then to proper preservation, each step of brick and stone artifacts in humid environments involves interdisciplinary fields, such as geotechnical engineering, materials science, and microbiological engineering. Further research is needed in selecting restoration materials, refining detection techniques, optimizing restoration methods, as well as standardizing conservation approaches to guide professionals in cultural heritage preservation.