In order to study the influence of unit cell shape and loading direction on the mechanical properties and buckling mode of honeycomb structures, different honeycomb structures were prepared by additive manufacturing technology, and static load tests and dynamic simulations were carried out. The results show that the stress curve of the honeycomb structure shows a four-stage change trend; the hexagonal honeycomb structure supported by the unit cell diagonally has the highest platform stress and total strain energy density; the collapse of the unit cell is mainly due to the shear deformation of the unit cell, and the quadrilateral The honeycomb unit cell undergoes severe buckling instability during shear deformation; the instability mode of the overall honeycomb structure can be divided into two types: oblique and transverse initial shear bands; in the simulation of large-scale honeycomb structures, its anti-shock ability It has been evaluated that the energy absorption value of the structure can reach 105J, which meets the requirements of the energy absorption shock absorber. The obtained conclusions can provide a theoretical basis for the design of the hydraulic support anti-shock energy absorber.