As the demand for marine resources continues to grow, efficient and accurate underwater detection techniques have become particularly critical. Traditional detection methods have their own advantages, but they are often limited in complex and dark underwater environments. Underwater active electric field detection technology has unique advantages in this environment. In this paper, a controlled array transceiver-integrated imaging detection method based on active electric field is proposed, aiming to overcome the limitations of the existing technology and improve the efficiency and accuracy of underwater detection. The approach achieves efficient imaging of underwater objects by dynamically adjusting the transmitting and receiving points in the array, finely controlling the current field, and processing the received signals. In this study, the theoretical analysis of the calculation method of the field strength at the receiving point of the array and the electric field perturbation of the obstacle is carried out, and the effects of the two types of electrode arrangements on the imaging effect are compared by simulation experiments. The experimental results show that the centrosymmetric arrangement has better performance in detection, which provides a new technical perspective for improving the efficiency and accuracy of underwater detection.