Traditional underwater magnetic induction communication faced issues such as directional sensitivity, short communication distances, and insufficient reliability due to the use of unidirectional coils. To address these problems, the study combined magnetic induction theory and utilized magnetic rod antennas as transmitting and receiving devices, analyzing orthogonal omnidirectional magnetic rod antennas. Simulation results showed that, under the same conditions, magnetic rod antennas outperformed unidirectional coils in communication effectiveness, and tested the impact of angular placement of orthogonal omnidirectional magnetic rod antennas on induced voltage. To validate the conclusions, an experimental platform was set up, and the results were consistent with the simulations, proving that magnetic rod antennas have strong transmission and reception capabilities, better small signal reception, and can effectively improve communication distances. The orthogonal omnidirectional magnetic rod antenna combines the excellent communication capabilities of magnetic rod antennas while mitigating directional sensitivity issues. Additionally, the non-coincident design reduces fabrication complexity. Theoretical analysis met expectations, providing new insights for underwater magnetic induction communication and demonstrating its potential for future underwater communications.