With the development of China's social economy, the demand for talent has put forward higher requirements. In order to meet the needs of the society and the country, the State Council proposed the "double first-class" university construction strategy to accelerate the development of higher education. "Double first-class" strategy intends to build world-class universities and first-class disciplines, and these constructions are inseparable from first-class teaching staff. Taking the "double first-class" strategy as the field, this article analyzed the relationship between the "double first-class" strategy and the strengthening of the construction of teaching staff in colleges and universities, and it also compared three aspects such as the educational quality, the teacher's quality and the scientific research achievements of the first-class universities both at home and abroad. It analyzed the existing dilemma and the influencing factors of the construction of faculty in colleges and universities in the horizon of "double first-class" strategy, and then put forward a proper path for the construction of teaching staff in China from the aspects of optimizing the internal governance structure, accelerating the reform of personnel system, improving and perfecting the incentive mechanism, strengthening the construction of teachers' morality in colleges and universities, and so on.