Cultivation of top-notch innovative personnel is an inevitable requirement of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance, an urgent need for implementing the strategy of rejuvenating the country through science and education, and also an important measure for strengthening the support of socialist construction talents. Based on the strategic background and target requirements of the strengthening basic disciplines plan, this paper investigates the current status and trends in cultivating top-notch innovative talents. It analyzes and summarizes the issues pertaining to inadequate connectivity within talent cultivation stages, insufficient cultivation of innovation abilities, and the lack of rationality in interdisciplinary configurations. Aligned with the objective of cultivating top-notch innovative talents, this study actively explores a top-notch innovative talent cultivation model that integrates science and education deeply. Introducing the 2-3-3-4-5 pathway for developing top-notch innovative talents, it combines dual-wheel drive with three types of integration curriculum system, emphasizes the cultivation of three major abilities, and four stages of scientific research training, all supported by a five-dimensional framework. The aim of this research is to optimize the path for cultivating top-notch innovative talents and ensure the cultivation quality.