The promulgation of the Opinions on the Implementation of the National Excellent Primary and Secondary School Teacher Training Plan presents a new policy opportunity for the construction of a high-quality teacher workforce in China. It has promoted the development of high-quality education, the improvement of teacher education quality, and the optimization of science education, serving as a strong measure to further enhance the teacher education system with Chinese characteristics. Due to its breakthrough and innovation,the practical implementation of the National Excellence Program still faces various challenges regarding the willingness of graduate students to engage in teaching, the dual-degree multi-supervisor model, the status and benefits of teachers trained through customized orders. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the National Excellence Program and the cultivation of high-quality science teachers in primary and secondary schools,and promote the high-quality development of education in China,it is suggested to optimize the policy content by enhancing students’ professional identity as teachers,fostering collaborative education among cooperative institutions,and promoting the concept of better treatment for teachers at educational institutions.