Fire is one of the main disasters threatening the safety of building structures, and structural fire resistance design is a crucial link in the design of steel structures and composite structures. With the application and promotion of Code for Fire Safety Design of Steel Structures in Buildings (GB 51249—2017), the structural fire resistance design method has transitioned from traditional experimental based structural fire resistance design method to computational based structural fire resistance design method. In order to expand students’ professional horizons, improve their professional skills, help master the basic theories and methods of structural fire resistance design, cultivate the ability of structural fire resistance design, and enhance their core competitiveness, Chongqing University has been offering a graduate elective course, advanced engineering fire protection theory, since 2011, and a characteristic undergraduate elective course, basic principles of structural fire resistance design, since 2020. This paper outlines the author’s exploration and practice in the construction of undergraduate courses, introduces the level, purpose, and objectives of course training, and focuses on the attempt to support teaching through scientific research results through multiple teaching content segments, and the organic integration of ideological and political education in course teaching, which provides reference for the construction of similar characteristic elective courses in civil engineering.