At present, higher education reform in China is deepening. Many policies on higher education reform are formulated, which put forward new requirements for curriculum system. In this situation, problems existing in geological engineering curriculum system are analyzed: (1) the ideological and political construction of major courses is imperfect; (2) the cohesive relationship between courses is improper; (3) the curriculum system is lack of flexibility. The optimum design principles of geological engineering curriculum system are established as follows: (1) complying with the basic framework of geological engineering curriculum system; (2) promoting ideological and political education and integrating innovative education into professional education; (3) taking all-round development of students as the fundamental goal, paying attention to cultivation of students’ ability and quality. The basic idea of optimization design of geological engineering curriculum system is put forward: (1) wide caliber and solid foundation, strengthening students’ theoretical basis, and focusing on students’ practical application ability and innovation ability; (2) considering school characteristics, conforming to talent development target, meeting regional economic development needs, and targeting industry requirements; (3) people oriented, ability oriented, meeting students’ growth needs, and keeping up with the frontier of professional science and technology research.