As a basic link to support the cultivation of talents in colleges and universities, the construction of curriculum system has attracted the attention of many colleges and universities. Under the background of new engineering construction, the discipline of bridge and tunnel engineering in Harbin Institute of Technology actively explores curriculum system reform. Through the overall analysis of the latest development trend of bridge and tunnel engineering industry, combined with the actual situation of the training of graduate students in this discipline, this paper puts forward six core competencies that graduate students in bridge and tunnel engineering should possess, and on this basis, determines the overall orientation of the curriculum system reform. Learning from the training programs and curriculum systems of Tongji University, Southeast University, Hunan University and so on, scientific and reasonable curriculum system reform is carried out from the perspectives of overall curriculum module and specific curriculum content. In the reform of the core course module of the discipline, the principle of self-reliance and characteristic school running is adhered to, ensuring that graduate students can consolidate basic knowledge and enhance professional ability. In the reform of elective modules, the principle of resource integration and leading the direction is adhered to, opening up new directions based on the traditional direction, and strengthening cross-integration with related disciplines. The reformed curriculum system provides better courses and more reasonable training programs for postgraduates.