The practical teaching system is the main carrier for implementing the training objectives of new engineering talents and plays a crucial role in the construction of new engineering disciplines. To solve the series of problems in the practical teaching system of the construction and environmental engineering major, such as the lack of emphasis on the school’s professional characteristics in the setting of in-class experiments, the failure to truly distinguish between ability and skill in the training objectives of practical courses, and the insufficient participation in the design process of design-related academic competitions, the article focuses on four aspects: adjusting the system, enriching content, improving methods, and elevating excellence. It proposes the establishment of experimental and internship system groups that reflect the characteristics of environmental construction, the creation of engineering case libraries and online micro course groups, the implementation methods and plans for reforming the practical course system, and the opening of an engineering design competition channel based on graduation design. The article aims to propose a practical teaching system that meets the needs of new engineering disciplines, caters to the geographical and institutional advantages of schools, and reflects the characteristics of the construction and environmental engineering industry, comprehensively and accurately improving practical teaching capabilities and skill development levels.