With the increase of demand for applied talents, colleges and universities are required to pay more attention to the cultivation of students’ practical and innovative abilities. Traditional classroom teaching and simple standardized experimental operation methods not only cannot arouse students’ interest in learning but also can hardly cultivate students’ practical ability and stimulate students’ innovative consciousness because of low immersion in the cognitive process, too abstract theoretical knowledge, too boring learning and practice process and other problems. Therefore, it cannot meet the requirements of talent training for the construction of new engineering and the construction needs of education modernization. As an emerging modern information product, virtual reality (VR) technology can not only provide users with a three-dimensional virtual world, but also make people feel immersive in the sense, so as to enhance the immersion and fun of learning from visual, auditory, and physical perception. It is one of the most potential modern teaching methods in the future. When VR technology is integrated into the teaching of civil engineering materials course, the change of civil engineering materials in microstructure, mechanical properties, durability, and other aspects can be vividly presented in front of students through the first perspective of 3D animation to give students a sense of real experience via the control of time and space in the teaching and virtual experiment training process. This teaching mode not only increases the interest and immersion of the course but also plays a training effect close to the real experiment scene, enabling students to fully integrate theoretical knowledge and practical process independently in the VR experience process, to deepen their cognition of the nature of things and stimulate their innovative thinking, and further improve their practical and innovative ability.