The quality evaluation of postgraduate training is a very important task in the high-level talent training system. The evaluation results reflect the country's ability and quality of postgraduate training. In view of the shortcomings of China's current water conservancy postgraduate training evaluation system and talent ability cultivation, based on the current situation and basic requirements of high-level talent comprehensive quality training, in order to improve the quality of water conservancy postgraduates in the new era, a water conservancy postgraduate education quality evaluation system which is dynamically coupled with the "four in one" of theoretical foundation, professional literacy, innovation ability and comprehensive application ability was proposed. Combined with the cloud model evaluation method, the indicators in the proposed quality evaluation system were quantitatively analyzed, and the corresponding quality improvement strategies for water conservancy postgraduates were formulated based on the connotation development, which provide a basis for the improvement of the comprehensive quality training of the masters of water conservancy engineering and the optimization of the personnel training evaluation system.