Axial compression test was carried out based on 114 bamboo skin box-section columns, and the overall stability performance of equilateral box-section columns made of bamboo with 0.35mm and 0.5mm thickness specifications under different width-to-thickness ratios was studied. Based on the test results, the instability failure form and the overall stability coefficient of the bamboo skin box-section column were analyzed. The test results show that when the box-section member is loaded, there are both local instability and overall bending instability. Among the members with a slenderness ratio less than the critical slenderness ratio, local instability is the main component under compression, and overall instability is dominant in the members with a slenderness ratio greater than critical slenderness ratio. By analyzing and fitting the test data, the critical slenderness ratios of the box sections with three widths and thickness ratios of two types of bamboo skins were calculated, and the design method of the column curve and bearing capacity of the box members with axial compression of bamboo skins was proposed, which provides scientific theoretical basis and calculation formula for the section design of members in the structural design competition.