Higher education, serving as a robust pillar for realizing the strategy of building China into an education power, is a crucial cradle of innovation driving fundamental scientific research and major breakthroughs in engineering technology within the country. The implementation of categorized training for postgraduates in universities is a vital measure to achieve and meet the diversified knowledge acquisition and specialized capacity-building needs of students. However, the current landscape reveals a pronounced homogenization in the requirements for the curriculum systems, training models, and evaluation methods for both academic-oriented and professional-oriented postgraduates. Compounding this issue is the relative lag in building the supervisor teams, particularly the dual-supervisor system. These factors significantly constrain the personalized development of postgraduates and the effectiveness of categorized training. Addressing these challenges, this paper analyzes the current state and dilemmas of categorized postgraduate training in local industry-specific universities from the perspective of building an education power, and proposes reform pathways for enhancing the quality of this categorized training.