Tunnel structural mechanics is a core and difficult component of Tunnel Engineering courses. Teaching effectiveness is often constrained by abstract mechanical principles and monotonous traditional teaching methods. To further improve teaching quality and optimize the curriculum system, this paper carries out a teaching reform of tunnel structural mechanics based on the Outcome-Based Education (OBE) concept. A practical teaching mode combining physical model tests and virtual simulations is proposed. This virtual-real integration method converts obscure mechanical theories into intuitive teaching scenarios, enhancing students’ learning interest and active engagement. In terms of course content, a systematic knowledge framework of structural mechanics covering the entire tunnel lifecycle is constructed. Emphasis is laid on practical teaching of core contents, including lining structural mechanics analysis and damage evolution laws during tunnel operation. Notably, significant national engineering projects including the Sichuan-Tibet Railway, Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, and Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge are introduced to better align with the talent training requirements of the tunnel industry. This reform breaks the limitations of traditional teaching, effectively improves course quality, and provides practical experience for similar teaching reforms in the future.