Under the background of the national strategies of “New Infrastructure Construction,” “Building China into a Strong Transportation Power,” and the “Dual Carbon” targets, intelligent construction and smart transportation have become key engines driving infrastructure upgrading and high-quality regional economic development. Based on the review of national and Shanxi provincial policies, the development pattern and technological evolution path of the intelligent construction and smart transportation industries were systematically analyzed, and the multi-level demand for interdisciplinary and innovative talents was explored. The status of university program development and typical cases were further examined to summarize achievements and deficiencies, and future prospects and development paths were proposed. The results show that establishing a five-dimensional collaborative mechanism among government, universities, enterprises, market, and talents, strengthening the integration of industry, academia, research, and application, and promoting interdisciplinary curriculum development and regional coordinated development can effectively enhance talent cultivation quality and provide solid support for industrial upgrading and economic transformation.