As the core of fundamental architectural education, the aesthetic education connotation of contemporary architectural aesthetics is undergoing epochal transformation and expansion. Its historical context, educational function, spiritual value and disciplinary scope have broken through traditional boundaries, and theoretical research and practical teaching have formed a deeply integrated interactive relationship. Based on the transformation trends of contemporary aesthetics and aesthetic education, this paper systematically analyzes the shortcomings and practical problems of traditional teaching modes. Emphasizing national aesthetic characteristics and inheritance of classical education, a new curriculum system of architectural aesthetics relying on aesthetic evaluation methods of architectural criticism is constructed with the historical evolution of architectural aesthetic thoughts as the main thread. The teaching reform focuses on the transformation of educational logic, shifting aesthetic theory teaching from simple knowledge indoctrination to the cultivation of aesthetic practical application ability and architectural aesthetic critical thinking. It conforms to the training requirements of applied interdisciplinary architectural talents, and provides practical approaches for establishing a theoretical system of architectural aesthetics with Chinese characteristics and inheriting indigenous architectural aesthetic culture.