Against the backdrop of urban development entering the era of stock-based growth, urban planning has shifted from incremental planning to stock-based planning, leading to significant changes in the competencies required of planning professionals. This paper analyzes the shortcomings in traditional planning and design course instruction and explores the underlying logic of driving curriculum reform in planning and design courses through subject competitions in the stock-based era. Guided by the competition-oriented approach to existing stock issues, it reshapes the teaching objectives for knowledge, competencies, and competencies in planning and design courses for the existing stock era. It proposes optimization pathways including refining the curriculum content system, innovating teaching models, improving outcome evaluation mechanisms, and promoting the iteration of core competencies. The aim is to provide reference for cultivating versatile planning professionals suited to the demands of the existing stock era.