The "Dual Carbon" strategy is triggering a profound and systemic socio-economic transformation, posing entirely new requirements for the knowledge and skill systems of high-carbon industries, which consequently presents severe challenges to the talent cultivation models in higher education. Focusing on the critical field of civil engineering, this study aims to reveal how the "Dual Carbon" policy is transmitted to the higher education system and how universities should effectively respond. Breaking through the limitations of single-perspective research on either educational supply or industrial demand, this study constructs a "Policy-Industry-Education" collaborative analytical framework. By adopting a mixed-methods design, the research integrates a Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis of 309 industry practitioners with big data mining of 52,836 job recruitment postings. The findings indicate: First, policy transmission does not act directly on the education sector; rather, it is partially transmitted through the industrial mediator of "green technology adoption," with this indirect effect accounting for 39.7% of the total effect. Second, market demand has undergone a structural leap, with the compound annual growth rate of green jobs reaching 28.7%. The demand for emerging skills such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and carbon accounting has grown explosively, commanding a significant salary premium of 18.6% to 24.5%. Third, the response of higher education is significantly lagging; there is a structural gap between current curriculum systems and industrial skill demands, alongside a supply-demand mismatch in regional distribution. This study is the first to quantitatively reveal the mediating path through which the "Dual Carbon" policy transmits to higher education reform. Furthermore, it validates the reform direction for talent cultivation based on market big data, and proposes implementable reform measures from three dimensions: curriculum system, practical teaching, and faculty development. It provides a reference for aligning civil engineering higher education in the new era with national strategies, deepening industry-education integration, and optimizing program offerings.