In the context of the growing demand for high-quality, multi-skilled and innovative talents in the "New Engineering" construction era, values, as the core orientation of postgraduate personal career development and social behavior, directly affect the quality of talent cultivation. As an important part of higher education, the cultivation of values and the improvement of professional abilities in civil engineering postgraduate education are equally important and cannot be ignored. Researchers, through the method of literature analysis, first sort out the practical significance of cultivating postgraduate values in the background of "New Engineering" construction, and then focus on the group of civil engineering postgraduates, systematically analyze the specific impact of the downward trend of the civil engineering industry on their values, including utilitarian tendencies, lack of social responsibility, and insufficient willingness to serve at the grassroots level, and deeply explore the mechanism of multiple influencing factors such as industry characteristics, educational environment, and employment orientation. On this basis, combined with existing research experience and the laws of higher engineering education, targeted cultivation countermeasures are proposed. Taking the School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering of China University of Mining and Technology as the practical carrier, the exploration of values cultivation practice is carried out, and a five-in-one cultivation system of "curriculum infiltration - mentor guidance - policy guidance - practice integration - evaluation guarantee" is constructed, forming a replicable and promotable education path. The research finds that the values problems of civil engineering postgraduates are significantly related to the development trend of the industry and the design of the education system, and single-dimensional educational measures are difficult to effectively solve the existing problems; the proposed multi-dimensional collaborative solution can achieve the organic integration of values cultivation and professional ability improvement, providing practical guidance for civil engineering postgraduate education.